Structure of atmosphere
ATMOSPHERE is a layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth that is retained by Earth's gravity. Air is the name given to atmosphere used in breathing and photosynthesis. contains roughly (by volume) 78.09% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.039% carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases. Air also contains a variable amount of water vapor, on average around 1%.
FORMATION OF ATMOSPHERE
ü The air is rather stable in the bottom layer of atmosphere. There is oxygen in the air, which breaks into atoms under the influence of ultraviolet rays on 200-1000-km height.
ü Light gases increase above100 km, helium and hydrogen prevail in high-level: part of molecules breaks into atoms and ions, forming atmosphere.
Physical properties of the air:
1. temperature,
2. density,
3. pressure,
4. water vapor,
5. movement.
These properties are changing with height.
Atmosphere is divided into the following layers:
ü troposphere
ü stratosphere
ü mesosphere
ü thermosphere
ü exosphere
TROPOSPHERE
ü is the lowest portion of Earth's atmosphere, there is the air;
ü contains roughly 80% the mass of the atmosphere;
ü Troposphere’s thickness above poles reaches 9 km, above temperate zone – 10-12 km, and above equator – 15-17 km. The clouds and fogs appear and the weather is formed.
STRATOSPHERE
ü stretches to 50-55 km height.
ü In connection with absorption of the solar radiation by ozone, presenting in the air, temperature rise during the height increase in this layer.
ü Ozone is situated at a height of 25-30 km and forms the ozone layer.
MESOSPHERE
ü is the layer where most meteors burn up upon entering the atmosphere.
ü extends from the stratopause to 80–85 km.
ü Density of the air is lower in 200 times, and temperature settles.
THERMOSPHERE
ü There is the highest temperature in the upper layer that is why this layer is called thermosphere.
ü Thermosphere is divided into the ionosphere and exosphere.
EXOSPHERE
ü The outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere extends from the exobase upward
ü Composition: hydrogen and helium
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