Detection, Treatment and Prevention of Ebola

Detection of Ebola can be a little tricky. The early symptoms are often confused with other diseases, and by the time the illness is identified as Ebola, it can be too late to do anything. The most accurate tests for Ebola are those that use specialized equipment that is hard to take into the remote locations where the virus is most prevalent. These tests, like the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay) test, generally look for antibodies for the Ebola virus instead of looking directly for the virus itself.

Aside from difficulties in bringing the test equipment into remote African villages, these tests are problematic in that a key feature of filoviruses is that they suppress immune systems. So even if someone is infected with Ebola, the virus may have suppressed the immune system enough that they were not able to develop any antibodies against it. Another powerful test known as PCR, or polymerase chain reaction, identifies the virus directly, which is a plus. However, not only is it hard to take into the field, it's also very sensitive to contamination, and the middle of an outbreak doesn't tend to be the most contaminant-free location.

At this point, though, even if a patient is identified to be infected with Ebola, there really isn't much that can be done. No licensed vaccines are available yet, but 2 potential vaccines are undergoing human safety testing. A range of potential treatments including blood products, immune therapies and drug therapies are currently being evaluated. Supportive care – rehydration with oral or intravenous fluids – and treatment of specific symptoms, improves survival. Some treatment options are available to stop the replication of the virus, but these don't work very well and can generally not be administered quickly enough to be impactful. The best we can do once we know that an Ebola virus is on the loose in a region is to educate health care workers and members of the community in the outbreak on how best to reduce transmission.

Упражнение 1

Переведите на русский:

Orifices of the body; muscle and joint aches; fever; chill; outbreak; diagnose; to take a turn for the worse; bloody diarrhea; jaundice; rash on trunk; to hemorrhage; blood starts to clot; to exhaust the supply of proteins; tissue damage; uncontrolled bleeding; gastrointestinal tract; death occurs; the onset of symptoms; multi-organ failure.

Упражнение 2

Переведите на английский:

Поддерживающая терапия; симптоматическое лечение; пероральная или внутривенная регидратация; повышает выживаемость; ИФА или иммуноферментный анализ; подавлять иммунную систему; вырабатывать антитела к вирусу; ПЦР или полимеразная цепная реакция; чувствителен к загрязнению; репликация/размножение вируса; уменьшить передачу инфекции; назначать вакцину; медикаментозная терапия.

Упражнение 3

Переведите на английский: