Vocabulary practice

6. Choose the right translation of the word:

1. уклон a) level b) shoulder c) grade

2. взрывать a) to blast b) to penetrate c) to compact

3. удаление a) development b) removal c) reduction

4. колышек a) mark b) peg c) barrier

5. складировать a) to keep b) to remove c) to stockpile

6. плотность a) density b) location c) quality

7. грунтовое основание a) subsoil b) pavement base c) subgrade

8. слой износа a) surface course b) wearing course c) base course

9. распространение a) digging b) blasting c) spreading

10. оседание a) overcoming b) settling c) alignment

7. Match the words with their definitions:

1. right-of-way a) is a mixture of bitumen and stone

2. asphalt b) movements of people and vehicles along roads and streets

3. pavement c) is a mixture of cement and stone

4. traffic d ) central part of the road used by wheeled traffic

5. subbase e) the land needed for road pavement, shoulders, ditches, side slopes

6. carriageway f) is a rigid or semi-rigid upper layer of the surface of the road

7. concrete g) is a thoroughly compacted upper layer of the roadbed

8. gravel h) a self-propelled wheeled machine with a steel blade used to level roads, hills and cuts

9. road i) to put flat stones, bricks, etc. on a path, a road, etc.

10. motor grader j) specially prepared way between places for the use of pedestrians, riders, vehicles

11. to pave k) small stones with coarse sand

12. subgrade l) is a layer resistant to moisture, which is made of gravel, slag, soil treated with binders

8. Choose the right verb:

1. When constructing a road builders should carry away | exclude | overcome| overtake different obstacles.

2. Builders sometimes compact | add | place | level Portland cement to the base course to ensure adequate strength of this layer.

3. The surface course spreads out the vehicle loads and at the same time strengthens | involves | cuts | compacts the pavement structure.

4. A borrow pit (source for obtaining fill, gravel, and rock) and a water source should be divided | located | used | indicated near or in reasonable distance to the road construction site.

5. Old road surfaces, fences, and buildings may need to be blasted | removed | allocated | erased before construction can begin.

Language Focus

9. Match the words with their synonyms:

a) to commence, to employ, to strip, to permit, to introduce, to aid, to select, bend, to specify.

b) to remove, to import, turn, to choose, to begin, to determine, to apply, to help, to allow.

10. Arrange the words according to the parts of speech:

Variety, creative, import, selection, remove, select, creation, vary, importation, survey, selective, continue, create, removable, continuous, surveyor, various, strengthen, removal, strength, spread, reflect.

Speak on:

11. Speak about road construction stages, using the following clichés:

First, the author discusses … .

Attention is drawn to the fact that … .

Further it should be noted that … .

A detailed description of … is given.

The author emphasizes the fact that … .

The final part of the article reports on … .